Mind the Gap—A Perspective on Strategies for Protecting against Bacterial Infections during the Period from Infection to Eradication

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a pressing public health concern, highlighting the need for alternative approaches to control bacterial infections. Promising include development therapeutic vaccines and utilization innate immune activation techniques, which may prove useful in conjunction with antibiotics, as well other antibacterial modalities. However, should be fast self- or actively- contained prevent detrimental consequences. TLR ligand adjuvants are effective at rapidly activating, within minutes hours, system by inducing cytokine production signaling molecules that bolster host’s response. Neutrophils serve first line defense against invading pathogens capturing destroying them through various mechanisms, such phagocytosis, intracellular degradation, formation NETs. Nutritional immunity another host mechanism limits availability essential metals, iron, from pathogens. Thus, iron starvation has been proposed potential strategy. In this review, we focus on have enhance rapid precise responses, bridging gap between onset infection elimination bacteria, hence limiting bacteria.